PREHISTORY
1. The Palaeolithic period:
It started about one million years ago.
Human beings were hunters and gatherers.
They were nomads and lived in caves or huts.
The Iberians.
They lived on the Mediterranean coast.
They were organised into tribes governed by a king.
There were warriors, farmers, craftsmen, merchants and slaves.
The Celts.
They lived in the northern and western parts of the peninsula.
They were organised into tribes.
Tribes were made up of clans. Clans were made up of families.
2.Tartessians and early colonisers.
The Tartessians.
They lived in the sothern part of the peninsula, in the Guadalquivir valley.
They were expert metalworkers, great travellers and salt producers.
The Phoenicians.
They came from Asia.
They formed colonies on the southern coast.
The Greeks.
They came to trade ceramics for metals.
They settled on the northeast coast.
The Carthaginians.
They were merchants from nothern Africa.
They came to trade metals and cloth.
ROMAN HISPANIA
1. Conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula in the year 218 B.C.
The Romans didn’t coquered the whole peninsula at the beginning, they fought those tribes for many years.
In the year 19 B.C. the Romans completed the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
2. Roman Rule.
The Romans named the peninsula Hispania, and made it a part of the Roman Empire.
The Romanisation happend when the inhabitants of the peninsula adopted the roman language and customs.
During the Romanisation the governor of Hispania was a Roman. He kept order and unity and collected taxes.
3. Society in Hispania.
Freemen: They had rights, they could take part in the government, vote and own land.
Slaves: They had no rights and were the property of freemen. In Hispania those who fought against the Romans became slaves.
What is the he Universe?
The Universe is everything and contains everything.
Galaxies, Stars and nebulae.
The Solar System.
The Earth and the Moon.
What are forces?
Forces are ations which make objects move or change shape.
How many different forces have we studied?
There are different types of forces:
• Gravity: Gravity makes objects fall to the ground. Gravity attracts objects.
• Electric force: It makes electrical circuits work. It can attract or repe.
• Magnetic force: magnets and certain metals have magnetic force. It can attract or repel.
• Friction: friction is a contact force. It can slow or stop moving an object.
How can forces affect a moving object?
Forces can affect a moving object in different ways:
• Making an object move.
• Stop a moving object.
• Changing the direction of a moving object.
• Increasing the speed of an object.
• Reducing the speed of an object.
What is a machine?
A machine is an object that uses the action of a force or transforms one type of energy into another.
How can we classify machines?
We can classify machines
• According to the number of pieces that make them up.
o Simple machines: they are made up by a simple machine.
o Complex machines: they are made up by more than one simple machines.
• According to how they work.
o Some machines need human energy to work.
o Some machines need wind or water to work.
o Some machines need fuel to work.
o Some machines need electricity to work.
• Acroding to what they do.
o Machines which produce movement: these machines transform energy into movement.
o Thermal machines: these machines transform energy into heat or cold.
o Information-processing machines: they process information. We use them to communicate and to make calculations.
Which parts make up a machine?
• The casing and structure.
o The casing is the outer part of a machine. It protects it from dust, moisture and damages.
o The structure is the frame that supports the weight of the machine.
• Operating parts and mechanisms.
o The operating parts are all the parts that make up the machine.
o A mechanism is a group of operating parts that work together fo perform a special function.
• Engines and motors: they are the parts of a machine that produce movement.
• Electrical circuits and electronics.
There are different types of forces:
• Gravity: Gravity makes objects fall to the ground. It attracts objects.
• Electric force: It makes electrical circuits work. It can attract or repel.
• Magnetic force: magnets and certain metals have magnetic force. It can attract or repel.
• Friction: Friction is a contact force. It can slow or stop moving objects.
How can forces affect a moving object?
Forces can affect a moving object in different ways:
• Making an object move: when you hit a ball, it starts moving.
• Stop a moving object: if you catch a moving ball, you stop it.
• Change the direction of a moving object: when you bounce a ball, you change its direction.
• Increase the speed: if you push a swing, it moves faster.
• Reduce speed: friction can reduce speed of moving objects.
There are different types of sources of energy: renewable sources of energy, and non-renewable sources of energy. Renewable sources of energy:
Non-renewable sources of energy:
Search the web!
In the following link you'll learn more about energy: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=about_home-basics
In the following link, you'll learn more about each of the different sources of energy: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=2
Now that you know almost everything about energy and the sources of energy, try to answer this question: How was gas formed?
